Usaba Sambah is one of the most significant traditional ceremonies in Bali, particularly in the village of Tenganan Pegringsingan. Held annually, this ancient ceremony has been passed down through generations since the 11th century. The villagers of Tenganan are renowned for their unwavering commitment to preserving their customs and traditions, ensuring that Usaba Sambah remains a vibrant and essential part of their cultural heritage.
The preparation for Usaba Sambah involves the youth of the village, known as "Teruna" for the boys and "Daha" for the girls. The Daha are educated in dormitories, where they learn the intricacies of the village's traditions and customs. This education ensures that the knowledge and practices of Usaba Sambah are passed down to future generations, maintaining the ceremony's authenticity and significance.
The preparation for Usaba Sambah involves the youth of the village, known as "Teruna" for the boys and "Daha" for the girls. The Daha are educated in dormitories, where they learn the intricacies of the village's traditions and customs. This education ensures that the knowledge and practices of Usaba Sambah are passed down to future generations, maintaining the ceremony's authenticity and significance.
The pinnacle of Usaba Sambah is the Pandan War, or "mekare-kare," a dramatic and symbolic event honoring Lord Indra, the god of war. This ritual involves combatants using thorny pandan leaves to inflict minor wounds, symbolizing bravery and the spilling of blood in tribute to their deity. The tradition of cockfighting, known as "tabuh rah," is also observed, further emphasizing the theme of sacrifice and valour.
Another unique aspect of Usaba Sambah is the swinging ceremony, which begins with a purification and a procession known as 'ngastiti.' The swing, constructed like a wheel with multiple seats, is rotated by two young men. This activity symbolizes the 'circle of life,' reflecting the ups and downs humans experience – moments of joy ('suka') and sorrow ('duka').
The Pandan War exemplifies courage, as participants proudly bear the scratches inflicted by the pandan thorns. The daha play a crucial role here, preparing herbal remedies to treat the wounds, showcasing the integral part women play in this ritual.
In Tenganan Pegringsingan, Usaba Sambah is more than a ceremony; it is a living testament to the village's enduring cultural legacy. Through the participation of its youth and the preservation of its customs, this annual event continues to bind the community together, celebrating their history, valor, and the cyclical nature of life.
